ValueError when calling from_arrow on iterable with empty pyarrow.Table

[mateuszpoleski]

Checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.
• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of Polars.

Reproducible example

import polars as pl
import pyarrow as pa

# works, single empty pa.table
pl.from_arrow(
    pa.table({
        "id": pa.array([], type=pa.int64())
    })
)

# works, iterable with non empty pa.table
pl.from_arrow(
    (pa.table({
        "id": pa.array([1], type=pa.int64())
    }),)
)

# failes, iterable with empty pa.table
# ValueError: Must pass schema, or at least one RecordBatch
pl.from_arrow(
    (pa.table({
        "id": pa.array([], type=pa.int64())
    }),)
)

Log output

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\mateu\Desktop\file.py", line 22, in <module>
    pl.from_arrow(
  File "C:\Users\mateu\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\polars\convert\general.py", line 568, in from_arrow
    pa_table = pa.Table.from_batches(
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "pyarrow\table.pxi", line 3848, in pyarrow.lib.Table.from_batches
ValueError: Must pass schema, or at least one RecordBatch

Issue description

It seems that pl.from_arrow does not handle input provided as an iterable properly. It appears to fail when given an empty pyarrow.Table

I think the error comes from

polars/py-polars/polars/convert/general.py

Lines 568 to 572 in 5cedf53

	pa_table = pa.Table.from_batches(
	itertools.chain.from_iterable(
	(b.to_batches() if isinstance(b, pa.Table) else [b]) for b in data
	)
	)

If we call .to_batches() on empty pyarrow.Table, it returns an empty list, and we lose the schema/type information because there are no batches at all.

Expected behavior

Return empty DataFrame with preserved schema.

Installed versions

--------Version info---------
Polars:              1.29.0
Index type:          UInt32
Platform:            Windows-10-10.0.26100-SP0
Python:              3.11.3 | packaged by Anaconda, Inc. | (main, Apr 19 2023, 23:46:34) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
LTS CPU:             False

----Optional dependencies----
Azure CLI            'az' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
<not installed>
adbc_driver_manager  <not installed>
altair               <not installed>
azure.identity       <not installed>
boto3                1.24.28
cloudpickle          2.2.1
connectorx           <not installed>
deltalake            <not installed>
fastexcel            <not installed>
fsspec               2023.3.0
gevent               <not installed>
google.auth          2.22.0
great_tables         <not installed>
matplotlib           3.7.1
numpy                1.24.3
openpyxl             3.0.10
pandas               1.5.3
polars_cloud         <not installed>
pyarrow              11.0.0
pydantic             <not installed>
pyiceberg            <not installed>
sqlalchemy           1.4.39
torch                2.3.0
xlsx2csv             <not installed>
xlsxwriter           <not installed>